SYSTEMS OF FARMING

                        SYSTEMS OF FARMING

1. PEASANT FARMING

‌         • It is the most commonly followed form of farming.

‌         • Here an individual farmer is the owner, manager, and the organizer.

        • ‌Therefore the decisions taken are totally independent of the individual farmer.

‌        • As an individual farmer is a owner here, there is one drawback of resource limitation since he has to efficiently use the resources to obtain profit.

2. COOPERATIVE FARMING

‌        • In this form of farming, various persons together, combine their lands, resources and cultivate the lands together.

‌        • Here the resources are fully utilized and thereby the production in the combined land increases.

‌        • This type of farming has been originated in Palestine, Jews were the pioneers.

        • ‌ All India cooperative planning committee (1951) classified cooperative farming into 4 groups

       I. COOPERATIVE BETTER FARMING SOCIETY

‌            *  In this form of farming ten or more cultivators are farmers can form into a farming society.

           *  ‌ The ownership as well as the operation involved is based on individual cultivator.

           *   All members can follow the plan adopted in the society and it arranges for the adoption of better methods of cultivation, purchasing of inputs etc..

‌           *  The administration of the society is done by managing committee and it governs all the activities.

       II. COOPERATIVE JOINT FARMING SOCIETY

            *  ‌ In this form of farming the ownership is based on individual farmer and the operation involved in the farm is is done by various persons.

            * ‌ Here the individual farm owners can merge their lands and also their resources and form into a society for joint cultivation.

‌            *  The scientific method of cultivation is also involved in this society.

            ‌*  The society is managed by the person who is elected by the members of society.

‌            *  Here the members can work together and each member get the wages according to his daily work.

      III. COOPERATIVE TENANT FARMING

             * ‌ In this form of farming the people those who are without land are forming a society.

‌             *  Here the ownership is collective but the operations involved in the land is done by an individual farmer.

‌             *  The land it is divided into plots and it is given to the individual farmer for lease.

‌             *  The society makes the plan for the better cultivation of the land.

             ‌*  Here the society itself arranges the requirements and also marketing facilities for the farm producers.

      IV. COOPERATIVE COLLECTIVE FARMING

‌             *    Here the ownership of the land as well as the operations involved in the land are done by the various persons.

             *  ‌ The individual farmer is not the owner of the land or he did not have any right on the land.

             *   The administration of the society is done by the person elected by the members of the society.

‌             *   The members work together and they are given wages according to the work they have done.

             *   ‌The profits are divided as per the labour and the capital invested.

3. CAPITALISTIC FARMING

‌            •   In this form of farming, the farms are very large and it is owned by the person who invest.

‌            •   This is either managed by individual or a group of capitalists.

            • ‌ Here latest technologies has been used and this is not much common in India.

‌            •  This form of farming is followed in USA, Canada, UK, etc..

‌            •   Here the actual cultivator is not the owner of the farm.

  

4. COLLECTIVE FARMING

‌        • It is a group of farming communities who combined the resources like land, livestock, machineries, etc., and are managed under a management committee formed by them.

‌       • This management committee is responsible for the the allocation of farm activities, management and distribution of profit.

       •  This form of farming is followed by Russia and China and not much prevalent in India

       • ‌ Here the state government provide a production plan and the farms has to give a fixed portion of output to the government.

5. STATE FARMING

‌          •  Here the farms are owned, managed and ran by the state government.

‌          •  The government forms are equipped with the latest machineries and apply the scientific methods of cultivation.

          •  ‌ The workers working in the state farm are provided with daily wages.

SUMMARY

REFERENCE

  Agricultural economics, second edition., S. Subba reddy.,